Exploration Architecture: 5 Ways of Viewing Space

Architecture shapes how we experience space, and the core principles that define it have deep roots in history. Ancient architecture, built by civilizations long before our own, established essential design rules that still resonate today. By exploring five key concepts—proportion, functionality, monumentality, symmetry, and contextuality—we can see how these timeless principles continue to shape modern design.

1. Proportion: The Harmony of Space

The Parthenon in Athens exemplifies the importance of proportion in ancient architecture. The structure follows the golden ratio, creating a balance that is both mathematically precise and aesthetically pleasing. The Greeks understood that proportion was about more than measurements; it was about creating spaces that felt harmonious and complete.

This ancient principle still guides architectural design today. Whether in homes, public buildings, or skyscrapers, proportion influences how spaces feel. The lessons from ancient architecture remind us that a well-proportioned building can inspire a sense of order and beauty in its occupants.

2. Functionality: Form Follows Function

The Roman aqueducts, such as the Aqueduct of Segovia, demonstrate the Roman mastery of functionality. These structures weren’t just feats of engineering; they were designed to efficiently transport water while maintaining aesthetic integrity. Ancient architecture often prioritized utility without sacrificing beauty.

Ancient architecture shows us that when form follows function, the results are both useful and timeless.

3. Monumentality: Creating Spaces that Inspire

The Pyramids of Giza are perhaps the most iconic example of monumentality in ancient architecture. Built to last for millennia, these awe-inspiring structures were designed to communicate power, ambition, and a connection to the divine. Monumentality in architecture is about creating spaces that transcend the everyday and inspire those who see them.

While modern architecture may take different forms, the idea of monumentality is still present in the large civic structures and landmarks of today.

4. Symmetry: The Balance of Opposites

The Taj Mahal is a fine example of symmetry in ancient architecture. It’s perfectly mirrored design creates an incredible sense of balance and harmony. Symmetry remains a powerful tool in design, both in the ancient and modern worlds. While some contemporary architecture embraces asymmetry, many buildings still rely on symmetry to create order and visual balance.

Ancient architecture teaches us that symmetry is a timeless way to organize space and create beauty.

5. Contextuality: Building with the Environment

Machu Picchu, the ancient Inca city nestled in the mountains of Peru, is a stunning example of contextuality in architecture. The Incas built their city to blend seamlessly with the natural landscape, demonstrating an understanding of how to work with, rather than against, the environment.

This principle of contextuality is more relevant than ever. In an era of overcrowding, architects are increasingly challenged with creating buildings that do not obstruct the natural world.

In Conclusion

The principles of proportion, functionality, monumentality, symmetry, and contextuality are at the heart of ancient architecture. These rules, established by civilizations long ago, continue to influence how we design and experience spaces today. By looking to the past, we can find inspiration for the future, using these timeless concepts to create buildings that serve both human needs and the natural world.

Ancient architecture offers not just a glimpse into the past but a guide for designing spaces that are as meaningful and functional now as they were millennia ago. As we build for a changing world, we can draw on the wisdom of ancient architects to create spaces that resonate with beauty, purpose, and harmony.